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Latest revision as of 12:16, 5 June 2024
Term | Definition | Existence | Subtypes | Supertypes | Disjointness | Associations |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acceptance Criteria | Exists | An acceptance criterion is always part of some method. | ||||
Accidental Group | Accidental Group (Overgaard-2017): A group that does not have a collective intentionality. | |||||
Authority Delegation | Exists | Singular Authority Delegation and Multiple Authority Delegation | ||||
Community | Community (Overgaard-2017): A group that has a collective intentionality. | Exists | A community can delegate authority to another community. | |||
Compatibility | Compatibility (Fraser-Sarwar-2018): The ability of two elements to coexist in the same mosaic. | Epistemic Stance | ||||
Compatibility Criteria | Compatibility Criteria (Fraser-Sarwar-2018): Criteria for determining whether two elements are compatible or incompatible. | Exists | A compatibility criterion is always part of some method. | |||
Core Question | Exists | |||||
Core Theory | Exists | |||||
Definition | Definition (Barseghyan-2018): A statement of the meaning of a term. | Exists | Theory | |||
Delineating Theory | Exists | |||||
Demarcation Criteria | Demarcation Criteria (Barseghyan-2015): Criteria for determining whether a theory is scientific or unscientific. | Exists | A demarcation criterion is always part of some method. | |||
Descriptive Theory | Descriptive Theory (Sebastien-2016): A set of propositions that attempts to describe something. | Exists | Theory | |||
Discipline | Discipline (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021): A discipline is characterized by (1) a non-empty set of core questions Q and (2) the delineating theory stating that Q are the core questions of the discipline. | Exists | ||||
Discipline Acceptance | Exists | |||||
Element Decay | ||||||
Epistemic Action | ||||||
Epistemic Agent | Epistemic Agent (Patton-2019): An agent capable of taking epistemic stances towards epistemic elements. | Exists | Epistemic Community and Individual Epistemic Agent | |||
Epistemic Community | Exists | Epistemic Agent | ||||
Epistemic Element | Exists | Main subtypes: Question and Theory. On the basis of explicitness: Explicit and Implicit. | ||||
Epistemic Presupposition | Epistemic Presupposition (Barseghyan-Levesley-2021): A theory is said to be an epistemic presupposition of a question for some agent, iff the agent accepts that accepting any direct answer to the question will necessitate accepting the theory. | Exists | ||||
Epistemic Stance | Exists | Theory Use, Theory Pursuit, Question Acceptance, Norm Employment, Compatibility and Theory Acceptance | ||||
Error | Error (Machado-Marques-Patton-2021): An epistemic agent is said to commit an error if the agent accepts a theory that should not have been accepted given that agent’s employed method. | |||||
Explicable-Implicit | Explicable-Implicit (Mirkin-Barseghyan-2018): Propositional knowledge that hasn’t been openly formulated by the agent. | |||||
Explicit | Explicit (Mirkin-Barseghyan-2018): Propositional knowledge that has been openly formulated by the agent. | Epistemic Element | ||||
Global Epistemic Action | ||||||
Group | Group (Overgaard-2017): Two or more people who share any characteristic. | |||||
Hierarchical Authority Delegation | Hierarchical Authority Delegation (Patton-2019): A sub-type of multiple authority delegation where different epistemic agents are delegated different degrees of authority over question x. | Exists | Multiple Authority Delegation | |||
History of Scientific Change | History of Scientific Change (Barseghyan-2015): A descriptive discipline that attempts to trace and explain individual changes in the scientific mosaic. | |||||
Implicit | Implicit (Mirkin-Barseghyan-2018): Not explicit. | Epistemic Element | ||||
Individual Epistemic Agent | Exists | Epistemic Agent | ||||
Individual Level | Individual Level (Barseghyan-2015): The level of the beliefs of the individual scientist about the world and the rules she employs in theory assessment. | |||||
Inexplicable | Inexplicable (Mirkin-Barseghyan-2018): Non-propositional knowledge, i.e. knowledge that cannot, even in principle, be formulated as a set of propositions. | |||||
Local Action Availability | ||||||
Local Epistemic Action | ||||||
Logical Presupposition | Logical Presupposition (Barseghyan-Levesley-2021): A theory is said to be a logical presupposition of a question, iff the theory is logically entailed by any direct answer to the question. | Exists | ||||
Method | Method (Barseghyan-2018): A set of criteria for theory evaluation. | Substantive Method and Procedural Method | Normative Theory | An acceptance criterion is always part of some method. A compatibility criterion is always part of some method. A demarcation criterion is always part of some method. | ||
Method Hierarchy | ||||||
Methodology | Methodology (Barseghyan-2018): A normative discipline that formulates the rules which ought to be employed in theory assessment. | |||||
Model | ||||||
Mosaic Merge | Mosaic Merge (Barseghyan-2015): A scientific change where two mosaics turn into one united mosaic. | |||||
Mosaic Split | Mosaic Split (Barseghyan-2015): A scientific change where one mosaic transforms into two or more mosaics. | |||||
Multiple Authority Delegation | Multiple Authority Delegation (Patton-2019): Epistemic agent A is said to engage in a relationship of multiple authority delegation over question x iff A delegates authority over question x to more than one epistemic agent. | Exists | Hierarchical Authority Delegation and Non-Hierarchical Authority Delegation | Authority Delegation | ||
Mutual Authority Delegation | Mutual Authority Delegation (Patton-2019): Epistemic agents A and B are said to be in a relationship of mutual authority delegation iff A delegates authority over question x to B, and B delegates authority over question y to A. | |||||
Non-Epistemic Community | ||||||
Non-Hierarchical Authority Delegation | Non-Hierarchical Authority Delegation (Patton-2019): A sub-type of multiple authority delegation where different epistemic agents are delegated the same degree of authority over question x. | Exists | Multiple Authority Delegation | |||
Norm Employment | Norm Employment (Barseghyan-2018): A norm is said to be employed if its requirements constitute the actual expectations of an epistemic agent. | Epistemic Stance | ||||
Normative Theory | Normative Theory (Sebastien-2016): A set of propositions that attempts to prescribe something. | Exists | Method | Theory | ||
One-sided Authority Delegation | One-sided Authority Delegation (Patton-2019): Epistemic agents A and B are said to be in a relationship of one-sided authority delegation iff A delegates authority over question x to B, but B doesn’t delegate any authority to A. | |||||
Outcome Inconclusive | Outcome Inconclusive (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017): It is unclear whether or not the requirements of the method employed at the time are met. | |||||
Outcome Not Satisfied | Outcome Not Satisfied (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017): The theory is deemed to conclusively not meet the requirements of the method employed at the time. | |||||
Outcome Satisfied | Outcome Satisfied (Patton-Overgaard-Barseghyan-2017): The theory is deemed to conclusively meet the requirements of the method employed at the time. | |||||
Procedural Method | Exists | Method | ||||
Question | Question (Rawleigh-2018): A topic of inquiry. | Exists | Epistemic Element | A question can presuppose theories. A theory is an answer to a question. | ||
Question Acceptance | Question Acceptance (Rawleigh-2018): A question is said to be accepted if it is taken as a legitimate topic of inquiry. | Exists | Epistemic Stance | |||
Question Pursuit | ||||||
Reason | ||||||
Scientific Change | Scientific Change (Barseghyan-2015): Any change in the scientific mosaic, i.e. a transition from one accepted theory to another or from one employed method to another. | |||||
Scientific Community | ||||||
Scientific Mosaic | Scientific Mosaic (Rawleigh-2022): A model of all epistemic elements accepted or employed by the epistemic agent. | |||||
Scientonomy | Scientonomy (Barseghyan-2015): A descriptive discipline that attempts to uncover the actual general mechanism of scientific change. | |||||
Singular Authority Delegation | Singular Authority Delegation (Patton-2019): Epistemic agent A is said to engage in a relationship of singular authority delegation over question x iff A delegates authority over question x to exactly one epistemic agent. | Exists | Authority Delegation | |||
Social Level | Social Level (Barseghyan-2015): The level of the scientific community and its mosaic of accepted theories and employed methods. | |||||
Sociocultural Factors | ||||||
Subdiscipline | Subdiscipline (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021): A discipline A is a subdiscipline of another discipline B, iff the set of questions of A, QA, is a proper subset of the questions of B, QB, i.e. QA ⸦ QB. | Exists | ||||
Subquestion | Exists | |||||
Substantive Method | Exists | Method | ||||
Theory | Theory (Sebastien-2016): A set of propositions. | Exists | Normative Theory, Descriptive Theory and Definition | Epistemic Element | A question can presuppose theories. A theory is an answer to a question. | |
Theory Acceptance | Theory Acceptance (Barseghyan-2018): A theory is said to be accepted by an epistemic agent if it is taken as the best available answer to its respective question. | Exists | Epistemic Stance | |||
Theory Pursuit | Exists | Epistemic Stance | ||||
Theory Use | Theory Use (Barseghyan-2015): A theory is said to be used if it is taken as an adequate tool for practical application. | Exists | Epistemic Stance |
Subtypes of Some Term
Supertypes of Some Term
Existence of Some Term
Associations of Some Term
Description: According to the theory rejection theorem, a theory becomes rejected only when other theories that are incompatible with the theory become accepted.
Implicit in the theorem is the idea that each theory is assessed on an "individual basis by its compatibility with the propositions of the newly accepted theory".p. 168 If it turns out that a previously accepted theory is compatible with the newly accepted theory, it remain in the agent's mosaic.
Barseghyan notes that, although we normally expect a theory to be replaced by another theory in the same "field" of inquiry, this is not necessarily the case. For example, he writes, "HSC knows several cases where an accepted theory became rejected simply because it wasn’t compatible with new accepted theories of some other fields".p. 171
Barseghyan summarizes the theory rejection theorem as such:
In short, when the axioms of a theory are replaced by another theory, some of the theorems may nevertheless manage to stay in the mosaic, provided that they are compatible with the newly accepted theory. This is essentially what the theory rejection theorem tells us. Thus, if someday our currently accepted general relativity gets replaced by some new theory, the theories that followed from general relativity, such as the theory of black holes, may nevertheless manage to remain in the mosaic. p. 171
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