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|Summary=Born in Stagira, Chalkidice, he was raised by Proxenus of Atarneus after his father died.[[CiteRef::During (1957)|pp. 253]] Most notoriously in the philosophy of science, Aristotle is associated with ‘the scientific method’ or as it is now known, the Aristotelian-medieval method (changed to better allude to transitions between different scientific methods). Throughout his life, Aristotle covered wrote on a broad range of topics including: encompassing what we would now call physics, ethics, biology, theatre, music, rhetoric, linguistics, politics, logic, zoology, metaphysics, and aesthetics. Amongst these, those Those topics most relevant to the philosophy issues of science scientific change are his theory of causation, theories on metaphysics, and his method of science, which was based on intuition schooled by experience. Due to his incredible range of topics|Historical Context=Aristotle was born in Stagira, Aristotle is not so easily graspedChalkidice in central Macedonia in 384 BCE. Across His father was the last two millennia, court physician to the explorations king of Macedonia, and his works by many authors has resulted interest in [even the most basic empirical study of] his works subject living things is thought to controversial interpretationderive from this source.|Historical Context=After his father’s death, Aristotle lived with Proxenus until he turned [[CiteRef::Anagnostopoulos (2009)]] At the age of 17 or 18. At this age, Proxenus he was sent off Aristotle to Athens to pursue a higher educationat Plato's (427-347 BCE) Academy, then the premier Greek learning institution. In Athens, Aristotle joined Plato’s Academy and remained there until Plato had been the age student of thirtythe renown Socrates (469-seven (347 BC399 BCE). It Aristotle was in this year, his teacher an outstanding scholar and great philosophical companion, remained at the Academy for twenty years.[[CiteRef::Biography.com Editors (2017)]][[CiteRef::Shields (2016)]] When Plato, had died. Unfortunately, because of the many disputes amongst the two, Aristotle he did not , as he expected, receive the directorship of Plato’s the Academy . He returned home to Macedonia, and became a tutor to King Philip II of Macedon's son Alexander. Upon succeeding his father as he imagined he wouldking, Alexander won the appellation 'Alexander the Great' for his military conquests.[[CiteRef::Biography.com Editors (2017)]][[CiteRef::Shields (2016)]] After conquering Aristotle's former home; Athens, for Macedonia, Alexander helped him found the Lyceum there as a school and library.[[CiteRef::Shields (2016)]] The pro-Macedonian government of Athens was overthrown in 323 BCE. Because of his ties to Alexander, Aristotle was forced to flee to Chalcis on the Greek island of Euboea where he died a year later at the age of 62.

Returning home Aristotle drew on a preceding Greek tradition of inquiry which he saw as dating back to MacedoniaThales of Miletus (circa 620-546 BCE) more than 150 years previously. We know of this tradition from surviving fragments of text, and its mention by subsequent authors, including, particularly, Aristotle was met himself. Aristotle distinguished between a group of thinkers which he called 'inquirers into nature' or ''physiologoi'' as distinct from poetical 'myth-makers'. The latter, such as the Greek poet Hesiod (circa 750-650 BCE) explained the world primarily by positing divinities who behaved like super-powerful versions of human beings, with human-like genealogies and conflicts. These gods intervened in all aspects of the request world, rendering it beyond mere human understanding. By contrast, ''physiologoi'' saw the world as an ordered natural arrangement, or '''Kosmos''' potentially comprehensible to the human mind. Plato and Aristotle used the term '''philosophy''' to refer to this latter line of Philip II inquiry. Beginning in the eighteenth century this group of Macedonthinkers, who were active before, or contemporaneously with Socrates came to be referred to as the '''pre-Socratics'''.[[CiteRef::Biography.com Editors Curd (20172016)]] Philip II The pre-Socratics developed a variety of ideas about the nature of reality and cosmology. The '''Pythagorean tradition''', asked Aristotle to tutor his son Alexander, soon to be Alexander founded in the great. A subject sixth century BCE by Phythagoras of great dispute Samos, maintained that mathematical order and harmony is how long this tutorship lasted. Some speculate Aristotle continued to tutor Alexander for three years, however others posit it may have been as long as eight yearsthe reality that underlies nature.[[CiteRef::Shields Curd (2016)]] A little further down the line, at around 335 BC Alexander succeeded his father and conquered Athens[[CiteRef::Losee (2001)|p. 14-19]] It was Leucippus (5th century BCE) and Democritus (460-370 BCE) were pre-Socratic '''atomists''' (although they were actually contemporaneous with Alexander’s permission and their previous relationship Socrates). They maintained that Aristotle started Lyceumall things are composed of assemblages of invisibly small, solid, indivisible particles called atoms. The Lyceum would act as These atoms exist within a school void space and a libraryinteract mechanically by contact. All things and processes in the world, they supposed, could be explained in terms of the arrangements, movements, where most and mechanical interactions of his works would be storedatoms. Although it may seem that there are colours, tastes, and smells, in reality, they supposed there are only atoms and void. They denied that any teleology exists at this fundamental level. The students Democritus distinguished two kinds of Aristotle who studied at knowledge, that obtained from the senses, and that garnered through the Lyceumunderstanding. Reason, eventually became known as applied to sensory experience in the Peripateticsproper way, yielded atomistic understanding.[[CiteRef::Shields Curd (2016)]] The students were called Peripatetics because of their tendency to ‘travel about’ just as the word means[[CiteRef::Berryman (2016b)]][[CiteRef::Berryman (2016c)]][[CiteRef::Losee (2001)|p.24-25]][[CiteRef::Berryman (2016a)]] Remarkably, Aristotle’s association with Alexander The ideas about knowledge which most directly set the Great also contributed to where he spent the last years context for Aristotle's work were those of his life. When the pro-Macedonian government was overthrown in 323 BC, Aristotle was to be executed for impiety. His charges were for associating with Alexander, and to avoid them, Aristotle fled to Chalcis, Euboea to remain until he died a year laterteacher Plato.

First and foremost, numerous critiques of Aristotle appear through religious reconciliation of his views. In Christianity, Thomas Aquinas attempted to reconcile Aristotle’s views to form a stronger foundation for his religious beliefs. More specifically, Aquinas adopted Aristotle’s analysis of physical objects, cosmology, time, motion and place, and his views on the prime mover. Aquinas, however, rejected Aristotle’s views on sense perception and intellectual knowledge opting to create his own notions of both.[[CiteRef:: McInerny and O'Callaghan (2015)]]

An expansion and perhaps some moderate qualms with Aristotle’s syllogisms come from Boole. Boole was very enticed by Aristotle’s logic and in his Laws of Thought sought to re-establish the foundations of Aristotle’s work by giving it a mathematical base. However, despite his enticement Boole had some disagreements with Aristotle. Boole was concerned with what Aristotle had left unsaid in his Analytica Priora. These concerns can be seen in his revisions to Aristotle’s logic. Firstly, Boole did not like that Aristotle’s work was not mathematical, so he converted it into equations. Secondly, Aristotle had never laid out rules for equation solving, thus Boole did this too. Finally, Boole did not like that Aristotle’s logic was limited to only dual term propositions, so he expanded it to allow for more. [[CiteRef::Boole (2003)|pp. 167-169]]

Perhaps a problem with the Scientific Method can arise from its empiricism. External world skepticism, perpetuated most famously by David Hume, definitely hurts Aristotle’s method. However, rather than any individual critic, the largest problems with the method were its limitations in scientific fields such as physics, chemistry, and most prominently, cosmology. Aristotle’s earth centered cosmology was called into question by Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton, and his scientific methodology by Descartes, Locke, and Hume. Focusing primarily on intuitive and demonstrable claims, Aristotle’s method did not allow for theories positing unobservable entities nor ''post hoc '' explanations. Granted the significance of Rene Descartes claims on the cosmos, and his ideas on rationalism, the inductive method was adopted in place of Aristotle’s method. Herein the biggest hit to Aristotle’s method is not any singular critique but the overall replacement of his method by the scientific community.[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|pp. 167]]|Page Status=StubNeeds Editing