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|Brief=an Ancient Greek philosopher who together with Socrates and Plato laid much of the groundwork for western philosophy and science
|Summary=Born in Stagira, Chalkidice, he was raised by Proxenus of Atarneus after his father died.[[CiteRef::During (1957)|pp. 253]] Most notoriously in the philosophy of science, Aristotle is associated with ‘the scientific method’ or as it is now known, the Aristotelian-medieval method (changed to better allude to transitions between different scientific methods). Throughout his life, Aristotle covered a broad range of topics including: physics, ethics, biology, theatre, music, rhetoric, linguistics, politics, logic, zoology, metaphysics, and aesthetics. Amongst Among these, those most relevant to the philosophy of science are his theory of causation, theories on metaphysics, and his method of science. Due to his incredible range of topics, Aristotle is not so easily grasped. Across - the last two millennia, the explorations Aristotelian-medieval method of his works intuition schooled by many authors has resulted in [even the most basic of] his works subject to controversial interpretationexperience.|Historical Context=Aristotle was born in Stagira, Chalkidice. After his father’s death, Aristotle lived with was raised by Proxenus until he turned of Atarneus.[[CiteRef::During (1957)|pp. 253]] At the age of 17 or 18. At this age, Proxenus sent off Aristotle to Athens to pursue a higher education. In Athens, Aristotle joined Plato’s Academy and remained there until the age of thirty-seven (347 BC). It was in this year, his teacher and great philosophical companion, Plato, had died. Unfortunately, because of the many disputes amongst the two, Aristotle did not receive directorship of Plato’s Academy as he imagined he would.[[CiteRef::Biography.com Editors (2017)]]
Returning home to Macedonia, Aristotle was met with the request of Philip II of Macedon.[[CiteRef::Biography.com Editors (2017)]] Philip II, asked Aristotle to tutor his son Alexander, soon to be Alexander the great. A subject of great dispute is how long this tutorship lasted. Some speculate Aristotle continued to tutor Alexander for three years, however others posit it may have been as long as eight years.[[CiteRef::Shields (2016)]] A little further down the line, at around 335 BC Alexander succeeded his father and conquered Athens. It was with Alexander’s permission and their previous relationship that Aristotle started Lyceum. The Lyceum would act as a school and a library, where most of his works would be stored. The students of Aristotle who studied at the Lyceum, eventually became known as the Peripatetics.[[CiteRef::Shields (2016)]] The students were called Peripatetics because of their tendency to ‘travel about’ just as the word means.
=== Scientific Method ===
Perhaps a problem with the Scientific Method can arise from its empiricism. External world skepticism, perpetuated most famously by David Hume, definitely hurts Aristotle’s method. However, rather than any individual critic, the largest problems with the method were its limitations in scientific fields such as physics, chemistry, and most prominently, cosmology. Aristotle’s earth centered cosmology was called into question by Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton, and his scientific methodology by Descartes, Locke, and Hume. Focusing primarily on intuitive and demonstrable claims, Aristotle’s method did not allow for theories positing unobservable entities nor post hoc explanations. Granted the significance of Rene Descartes claims on the cosmos, and his ideas on rationalism, the inductive method was adopted in place of Aristotle’s method. Herein the biggest hit to Aristotle’s method is not any singular critique but the overall replacement of his method by the scientific community.[[CiteRef:: Barseghyan (2015)|pp. 167]]
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