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|Historical Context=Locke lived in politically turbulent times for Englandwas born into a Puritan family of modest means, but was able to obtain an excellent education by way of his father's connections. Conflicts between [[CiteRef::Dunn (2003)]] In 1647, at the King age of fifteen, he began studies at Westminster School, considered London's best. At twenty, he began studies at Christ Church College, Oxford. His studies focused on logic, metaphysics, and languages taught within the Parliament and between Protestantsframework of '''Aristotelian scholasticism''', for which he developed an intense dislike. [[CiteRef::Uzgalis (2016)| pp. 3-4]][[CiteRef::Milton (1994)]] Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543) had posited his '''heliocentric cosmology''' in 1543, Anglicansmore than a century earlier. Forty years earlier, and Catholics led to civil war Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) published his observations with the telescope in 1610. These developments had cast Aristotelianism into doubt. [[CiteRef::Westfall (1980)|p. 6]] Like many ambitious students of the 1640'stime, when Locke was sought alternative resources outside the formal curriculum, which were abundant at Oxford. He became involved with a teenager. King Charles I discussion group organized by John Wilkins (1614-1672)and was defeated exposed to the '''experimental philosophy''' and killedthe ideas of Francis Bacon (1561-1626) who argued for an '''inductive methodology''' for science. In The Wilkins group was the nucleus of what would later become the 'Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge', known simply as the 1650'''Royal Society'''. England'smain society for the promotion of natural philosophy, the monarchy was abolished Royal Society became a formal institution in favor of Oliver Cromwellthe 1660's Protectorate. The protectorate collapsed and society would set itself in opposition to the Aristotelian scholasticism of the monarchy was restored in 1660universities, around advocating the time study of nature rather than of ancient texts. [[CiteRef::Uzgalis (2016)|p. 4]] Locke finished his bachelor's degreenotebooks indicate a strong interest in medicine and chemistry. In 1668, King James II was overthrown in favor He attended the lectures of William of Orange the great anatomist Thomas Willis (1621-1675) and his wife Mary in the Glorious Revolutiontook careful notes. [[CiteRef::Rogers (1982)|p. 217]][[CiteRef::Uzgalis Anstey (20162011)|p. 36]]

Although After Locke was born into a family of modest means, he was able to obtain an excellent education by way of received his fatherbachelor's connections. In 1647, at the age of fifteendegree in 1656, he began studies remained at Westminster School, considered London's best. At twenty, he began studies at Christ Church College, Oxfordto study medicine. His studies focused on logic, metaphysics, and languages taught within the framework of '''Aristotelian scholasticism''', for which he developed an intense dislikeHe worked closely with Dr. [[CiteRef::Uzgalis Thomas Sydenham (2016)| pp. 31624-4]][[CiteRef::Milton (19941689)]] This was more than a century after Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543) had posited , renown for his '''heliocentric cosmology''' pioneering work in 1543, and forty years after Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) published his observations with the telescope in 1610. Both were strong challenges to Aristotelianismtreatment of infectious diseases. [[CiteRef::Westfall Dunn (19802003)|p. 6]] Like many ambitious students of the time, Locke sought alternative resources outside the formal curriculum. Such resources were abundant at Oxford. He became involved with a discussion group organized by John Wilkins Robert Boyle (16141627-16721691). In succeeded John Wilkins as the leader of the Wilkins scientific groupat Oxford, and became Locke was exposed 's scientific tutor. Boyle ascribed to the '''experimental corpuscular mechanistic philosophy''' and the ideas of Francis Bacon associated with [[Rene Descartes]] (15611596-16261650) who argued , and was noted for an '''inductive methodology''' for sciencehis physical experiments. The Wilkins group was corpuscular philosophy held that the nucleus visible properties of what would later become the natural world were due to interactions between invisibly small particles or corpuscles. Locke read Boyle'Royal Society s and Descartes works, and learned from his experimentalist associates to be skeptical of London for Improving Natural Knowledge', known simply as the 'Descartes''Royal Society''rationalism'. England's main society for the promotion of natural philosophy, the Royal Society became a formal institution in the 1660's. The society would set itself in opposition to the Aristotelian scholasticism of the universities, advocating the study of nature rather than of ancient texts. [[CiteRef::Uzgalis (2016)|p. 4]] Natural philosophy He accepted Descartes' corpuscular view of matter, his dualistic view that mind and medicine matter were considered closely relatedseparate substances, and Bacon's call for a 'great instauration' of knowledge included medicine. Locke's notebooks indicate a strong interest in medicine and chemistry. He attended believed the lectures of the great anatomist Thomas Willis (1621-1675) and took careful notesworld to contain genuine causal interactions between physical objects. [[CiteRef::Rogers (1982)|p. 217]][[CiteRef::Anstey (2011)|p. 6]]

Locke received his bachelor's degree in 1656. He was elected a senior student of Christ Church College and decided became personal physician to study medicine. When John Wilkins left Oxford, the new leader of the scientific group became Robert Boyle Anthony Ashley Cooper (16271621-16911683), which Locke met in 1660. Boyle ascribed to the '''corpuscular mechanistic philosophy''' associated with [[Rene Descartes]] (1596-1650Lord Ashley), which held that a leading political figure during the visible properties of the natural world were due to interactions between invisibly small particles or corpuscles. He is noted for his physical experiments. Boyle became Locke1670's scientific tutor. Locke read Boyleand 1680's works and those of Descartes, though he also learned from his experimentalist associates to be skeptical of Descartes' '''rationalism'''. [[CiteRef::Uzgalis Dunn (20162003)]] He accepted Descartes' corpuscular view of matter, his dualistic view that mind and matter were separate substances, and believed the world to contain genuine causal interactions between physical objects. [[CiteRef::Rogers (1982)]] Locke became a physician, and was personal physician to Lord Ashley during the 1670's and 1680's. He was an early member of the Royal Society and knew most of the major English natural philosophers, including [[Isaac Newton]] (1643-1727) and some continental ones as well. This community was concerned with arguing for the reliability of observation and experiment as a means of acquiring knowledge as opposed to Aristotelian intuition or Cartesian rationalism. [[CiteRef::Uzgalis (2016)|p. 4]] Locke's most important contribution to this argument was his ''An Essay Concerning Human Understanding'', published in 1689. Locke and Newton became directly acquainted while Locke was finishing this work. When Locke read Newton's ''Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica'', published in 1687, he found little need to revise his essay, since Newton's epistemological views were rather similar to his own. Both had absorbed the views current in the Royal Society. [[CiteRef::Rogers (1982)]] Locke's essay received its warmest reception from the members of the Royal Society, and can be deemed an expression of their collective understanding of scientific methodology. [[CiteRef::Rogers (1982)]]