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|Preamble=In 2018 , [[Rejection of Data| Maxim Mirkin ]] and [[Sinan Karamehmetoglu ]] [[Mechanism of Error Rejection|raised the issue]] of whether cases of scientific error were compatible with [[Theory Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015)| the theory rejection theorem]]. These authors They were concerned that it appeared as though, in cases of errorhandling, a theory was simply being removed from the mosaic due to its being recognized as an error without being replaced by another any other theory. The [[The First Law|The first law of scientific change]] states that "an element of the mosaic remains in the mosaic unless replaced by other elements". The first law, together with the [[Compatability Compatibility Corollary(Fraser-Sarwar-2018)| compatibility corollary]] can be used to deduce [[Theory Rejection theorem (Barseghyan-2015)| the theory rejection theorem]], which states that "A theory becomes rejected only when other theories incompatible with the theory become accepted".

Patton and Machado-Marques [[CiteRef::Patton and Machado-Marques (2021)]] Having analyzed several instances of scientific error and showed , we show that scientific error handling, when properly analyzed, is fully consistent with the theory rejection theorem. They argued that instances [[CiteRef::Machado-Marques and Patton (2021)]] Instances of scientific error typically involve the rejection of one or more of the premises of the argument that leads to the erroneous conclusion as well as the conclusion itself. In most cases, first-order propositions of the original erroneously accepted theory are replaced by other first-order propositions incompatible with them. In some cases, however, first-order propositions are replaced by second-order propositions asserting the lack of sufficient reason for accepting these first-order propositions. In both cases, such a replacement is fully consistent with the theory rejection theorem.|Modification=Accept that, in scientific practice, the handling of error is fully in accord with the theory rejection theorem.|To Accept=Error Rejection by Replacement (Machado-Marques-Patton-2021), Theory Rejection

|Verdict=OpenAccepted|Date Assessed Year=2021|Date Assessed Month=October|Date Assessed Day=8

|Verdict Rationale=The commentators agreed that "the historical cases of scientific error identified and treated by Machado-Marques and Patton effectively demonstrate the compatibility of instances of scientific error with the theory rejection theorem".^{[[Modification_talk:Sciento-2021-0004#comment-183|c1]] [[Modification_talk:Sciento-2021-0004#comment-159|c2]] [[Modification_talk:Sciento-2021-0004#comment-182|c3]]} It was agreed that the rejection of a theory that was accepted erroneously can be "a result of the acceptance of other theories incompatible with it - be these some first- or second-order theories".^{[[Modification_talk:Sciento-2021-0004#comment-159|c4]] [[Modification_talk:Sciento-2021-0004#comment-182|c5]] [[Modification_talk:Sciento-2021-0004#comment-185|c6]]} One commentator expressed a common opinion when saying that "the authors are able to put to rest concerns about the handling of scientific error potentially contravening the theory rejection theorem".^{[[Modification_talk:Sciento-2021-0004#comment-185|c7]]}