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{{Definitional Topic

|AuthorPrehistory=Hakob Barseghyan,In modern times philosophers have held a variety of views about how best to express the structure and content of scientific theories.[[CiteRef::Winther (2016)]] |Prehistory=Prehistory here==Syntactic View=== |History=The original definition syntactical view holds that the structure of the term was proposed a scientific theory can be captured by Barseghyan an axiomatized system of sentences. It is expressed in 2015a metamathematical language that included predicate logic, set theory, and model theory. It defined [[CiteRef::Winther (2016)]] In 1928 [[Rudolf Carnap]] published his ''theoryThe Logical Structure of the World'' as any set of propositions that attempt , which put forward this view, which was central to describe somethinglogical empiricism.[[CiteRef::Barseghyan Andersen and Hepburn (2015)]] As such[[Hans Reichenbach]], [[Otto Neurath]], [[Carl Hempel]], this definition excluded normative propositionsand [[Herbert Feigl]] were also major contributors. The logical empiricist answer to the question of the structure of scientific theories was a family of related ideas rather than a single approach. It [[CiteRef::Mormann (2008)]] The view was eventually replaced by so widely accepted in the early twentieth century that it is sometimes referred to as the definition suggested by Sebastien in 2016received view.[[CiteRef::Halvorson (2012)]]|Current ===Semantic View=Currently, ''==The semantic view holds that the structure of a scientific theory'' is defined can be expressed as a set of propositions that attempt to describe or prescribe somethingmathematical models, as models were defined by [[Alfred Tarski]]. It rejects the metamathematical language of the syntactic view. Theories can be descriptive [[CiteRef::Halvorson (2012)]][[CiteRef::Winther (e.g. natural2016)]] Some important models in science include the bag model of quark confinement, the hard ball model of a gas, the Bohr model of the atom, the Gauss chain model of a polymer, socialthe Lorentz model of the atmosphere, and formal sciencethe double helix model of DNA.[[CiteRef::Frigg (2006) or normative (e.g. methodology]] Major proponents of the semantic view include [[John Von Neumann]], who wrote on the subject in the thirties, ethics[[Fredrick Suppe]], and axiology)[[Bas Van Fraassen]].[[CiteRef::Sebastien Winther (2016)]]The semantic view emerged in the 1960’s and 1970’s and became the dominant view in subsequent decades. They may be empirical or formal[[John Ladyman]] used it in his formulation of structural realism in physics. They may have different levels The semantic view has played a major role in the philosophy of complexity biology and elaboration; they may consist psychology in recent decades.[[CiteRef::Halvorson (2012)]] ===Pragmatic View===The pragmatic view rejects a purely formal characterization of thousands scientific theories entirely, and supposes that a theory necessarily consists of interconnected propositions orsentences, models, problems, standards, skills, practices, including such things as analogies, metaphors, in an extremeand natural kinds, with its full characterization necessarily including elements that cannot be formalized.[[CiteRef::Mormann (2008)]][[CiteRef::Winther (2016)]] Proponents of one single propositionthe pragmatic view include [[Nancy Cartwright]], [[Ian Hacking]], [[Philip Kitcher]], and [[Helen Longino]]. Examples include Einstein|History=[[Theory (Barseghyan-2015)|The original definition]] of ''s theory of general relativity, the standard model '' was proposed by Barseghyan in particle physics, or the neo-Darwinian 2015. It defined a theory as any set of evolution propositions that attempt to describe something.[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|p]] As such, this definition excluded normative propositions. 3] In early 2017, it was replaced by [[File:Theory_Sebastien_2016_Definition.pngTheory (Sebastien-2016)|center|390pxthe definition]]suggested by Sebastien in 2016.|Related Topics=Method, Scientific Mosaic, Law,|Page Status=Needs Editing}}{{Acceptance Record|Community=Community:Scientonomy|Accepted From Era=CE|Accepted From Year=2016|Accepted From Month=January|Accepted From Day=1|Accepted From Approximate=No|Still Accepted=Yes|Accepted Until Approximate=No