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Scope of Scientonomy - Construction and Appraisal (view source)
Revision as of 15:55, 22 June 2017
, 15:55, 22 June 2017no edit summary
|Authors List=Hakob Barseghyan,
|Formulated Year=2015
|Prehistory=The current statement of this question is the product of a long prior history. [[Hans Reichenbach]] is commonly considered to have been the first to draw the distinction between the context of discovery, which is a historical and creative process having to do with the construction of the theory, and the context of justification, which is the supposedly distinct logical enterprise of the defense and appraisal of a theory. [[CiteRef::Laudan (1980)]] The distinction was implicit in works of scientific methodology going back to the nineteenth century, and has been traced by Popper back to Kant. [[CiteRef::Popper (1959)]] The idea that the historical context of discovery can be clearly distinguished from the logical context of justification was questioned by [[Norwood Hanson|Hanson]], [[Thomas Kuhn|Kuhn]], and [[Paul Feyerabend|Feyerabend]], who argued that the two were thoroughly intertwined. [[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015) p. 23]][[CiteRef::Feyerabend (1975) p. 149]] Paul Hoyningen-Huene proposed a lean distinction between the two contexts, proposing that they are simply two different perspectives that can be taken towards scientific knowledge. he did not suppose that discovery and justification are two distinct processes, thereby sidestepping earlier objections. [[CiteRef::Hoyningen-Huene (2006) pp. 128-130]] Barseghyan [[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015) pp. 23-25]] argued that the terms 'discovery' and 'justification' are misleading. 'Discovery' is generally taken to refer to an epistemic achievement that has been positively appraised, such as the discovery of the planet Neptune. The term 'construction', he supposes, is better suited to refer to the creative processes by which new theories are formulated. Theories undergo a process of appraisal by a scientific community. Thus, we speak of the questions of theory construction and theory appraisal, which, as for Hoyningen-Huene, can overlap with one another. Barseghyan [[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015) pp. 23-30]] further argues that both theory construction and theory appraisal have both a normative and a descriptive question associated with them (i.e. how ought theories to be constructed?, how are theories constructed?, how ought theories to be appraised?, how are theories appraised?). Thus scientonomy must determine which among these four possible questions are within its scope. Part of this question has to do with the question of whether
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