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Similarly, laws of physical theory add nothing to the content of the laws, only providing jumping points for metaphysical investigation. Physical theories do not exert influence on the progress of metaphysical research except for these points.

In short, metaphysical and physical theories are independent.

|Criticism=There were many criticism for the Duhem-Quine thesis and the Duhem thesis in general. Grünbaum believed there was no general argument to prove the existence of at least one other theory for any theory containing evidence.The main criticism was voiced by Larry Lauden in ''Demystifying Underdeterminism''. The idea was also repeated in the identical rivals objection.

The main argument is that in all the cases where there are seemingly endless theories that explain one theory and it's observations, (essentially in all instances of Quine's nonuniqueness thesis), the theories are actually the same but just formulated differently. <ref = "Demystifying Underdeterminism"> Laudan, Larry. 1990. Demystifying Underdetermination. In Scientific Theories, ed. C. Wade Savage, 267-297. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Reprinted in Philosophy of Science. The Central Issues, ed. M. Curd and J. A. Cover, 320-353. New York: Norton,1998 </ref>