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The most direct early source suggesting that there are circumstances in which communities necessarily obtain different beliefs about scientific subjects is the work of [[Karl Popper]], whose system of conjectures and refutations suggests that progress in science is obtained by challenging our currently accepted views by trying to refute them.[[Popper (1963)|p.68]] It follows that if there are situations in which a community has two theories that are both resistant to refutation then both should be accepted. This model - whereby there is a definite algorithmically determined method for theory assessment - was dominant among positivist philosophers and would prevail until the historical turn, when a model more closely reminiscent of the [[Possible Mosaic Split theorem (Barseghyan-2015)|possible mosaic split theorem]] emerged.[[Laudan, Laudan, and Donovan (1988)|p.5]]

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