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Barseghyan's original ontology included:
* [[Theory Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Barseghyan-2015)|Theories]] and [[Method Is a Subtype of Epistemic Element (Barseghyan-2015)|methods]] as the only two types of [[Epistemic Elements|epistemic elements]] that undergo scientific change;[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|pp. 3-11]]
* Three [[Epistemic Stances Towards Theories|epistemic stances towards theories]]: ''acceptance'', ''use'', and ''pursuit'',[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|pp. 30-42]] as well as one [[Epistemic Stances Towards Methods|epistemic stance towards methods]], ''employment'';[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|pp. 52-62]] * Community as the sole [[Subtypes of Epistemic Agent|type of epistemic agent]] capable of taking these stances towards theories and methods.[[CiteRef::Barseghyan (2015)|pp. 43-52]]
Only [[Descriptive Theory|descriptive theories]] were included in Barseghyan's original ontology, while the status of [[Normative Theory|normative theories]] was left indeterminate due to the [[The Paradox of Normative Propositions|the paradox of normative propositions]]. Once the paradox of normative propositions was [[Resolution to the Paradox of Normative Propositions (Sebastien-2016)|resolved]], the original ontology was extended by [[Zoe Sebastien|Sebastien]] to also include [[Normative Theory Is a Subtype of Theory (Sebastien-2016)|normative theories]].[[CiteRef::Sebastien (2016)]]

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