Core Theory

What is core theory? How should it be defined?

A scientific discipline normally includes a great number of theories. However, it is often the case that some of these theories are more central to the discipline than others. As the concept of core theory intends to capture these central theories of a discipline, it is helpful to have a proper definition of the term.

In the scientonomic context, this term was first used by Paul Patton and Cyrus Al-Zayadi in 2021. The term is currently accepted by Scientonomy community.

In Scientonomy, the accepted definition of the term is:

• A core theory of a discipline is a theory presupposed by the discipline’s core questions.

Scientonomic History

Acceptance Record

Here is the complete acceptance record of this term (it includes all the instances when the term was accepted as a part of a community's taxonomy):

Community	Accepted From	Acceptance Indicators	Still Accepted	Accepted Until	Rejection Indicators
Scientonomy	1 August 2021	This is when Patton and Al-Zayadi's Disciplines in the Scientonomic Ontology that offered a definition of the term was published. This is a good indication that the question of how the term is to be defined is considered legitimate by the community.	Yes

All Theories

The following definitions of the term have been suggested:

Theory	Formulation	Formulated In
Core Theory (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021)	A core theory of a discipline is a theory presupposed by the discipline’s core questions.	2021

If a definition of this term is missing, please click here to add it.

Accepted Theories

The following definitions of the term have been accepted:

Community	Theory	Accepted From	Accepted Until
Scientonomy	Core Theory (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021)	21 February 2024

Suggested Modifications

Here is a list of modifications concerning this term:

Modification	Community	Date Suggested	Summary	Verdict	Verdict Rationale	Date Assessed
Sciento-2021-0006	Scientonomy	1 August 2021	Accept new definitions of subquestion, core question, core theory, discipline, delineating theory, subdiscipline, and discipline acceptance.	Accepted	Prior to the 2024 workshop, Hakob Barseghyan commented on the encyclopedia indicating his support for accepting this modification and noted its potential to underpin further work on discipline dynamics. In fact, a significant amount of observational scientonomy work has been carried out in the past few years (including the paper on the rejection of alchemy by Friesen and Patton (2023),1 as well as some more recent papers) that presupposes the acceptance of these definitions, despite the fact that the modification containing them formally remains open. There was very little discussion about the modification, beyond raising points for the community to look forward to in the future, like a brief discussion between Jamie Shaw and Paul Patton about the need for more research on the difference between disciplines and disciplinary communities. The modification was accepted unanimously with 18 votes.	21 February 2024

Current Definition

In Scientonomy, the accepted definition of the term is Core Theory (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021).

Core Theory (Patton-Al-Zayadi-2021) states: "A core theory of a discipline is a theory presupposed by the discipline’s core questions."

A core theory of a discipline is a theory presupposed by the discipline's core questions.2 The scientific mosaic consists of theories and questions.3456 Questions constitute hierarchies where more specific questions are subquestions of broader questions. Within this hierarchy, certain general questions play a special role as core questions. These questions are essential to a discipline, and have the power to identify it and determine its boundaries. For example, a core question of evolutionary biology would be 'how did living species originate as a result of evolution?'. Questions always presuppose theories, which endow them with semantic content. Those presupposed by a discipline's core questions, are that discipline's core theories. For our example, the theory in question would be The neo-Darwinian theory of evolution by natural selection.

Ontology

Existence

In Scientonomy, it is currently accepted that "There is such a thing as a core theory."

Disjointness

No classes are currently accepted as being disjoint with this class.

Subtypes

No classes are currently accepted as subtypes of a core theory.

Supertypes

No classes are currently accepted as supertypes of a core theory.

Associations

No associations of a core theory are currently accepted.

If a question concerning the ontology of a core theory is missing, please add it here.

Dynamics

If a question concerning the dynamics of a core theory is missing, please add it here.